SIK Experiment Guide for the Arduino 101/Genuino 101 Board (Chinese)
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D___Run___
D___Run___ 实验 4：驱动多个 LED
简介
现在您已使 LED 闪烁和熄灭，接下来该进一步实验 – 同时连接六个 LED。我们还将通过创建各种发光序列来为 101 开发板进行一些测试。本实验可用于开始实践编写自己的程序以及体验 101 开发板的运行方式，值得一试。
除了控制 LED 以外，您还将学习一些使代码保持整洁的编程技巧！
您需要以下部件：
- 1x 实验电路板
- 1x Arduino 101 或 Genuino 101 开发板
- 6x LED
- 6x 100Ω 电阻
- 7x 跳线
没有 SIK？
如果您要执行本实验，但又没有 SIK，那么我们建议您使用这些部件：
您还需要一个 Arduino 101 或 Genuino 101 开发板。
硬件接线
是否准备好开始对每个部件进行接线？请查看下面的接线图和接线表以了解如何连接每个部件。
| 极化组件 | 请特别注意组件用于指示如何在实验电路板上放置它的标记。极化组件只能按一个方向连接到电路。 |
实验的接线图
难以看清电路？单击接线图可放大查看。
打开草图
在计算机上打开 Arduino IDE 软件。采用 Arduino 语言进行编码可控制电路。通过访问您先前下载并置于“示例”文件夹中的“101 SIK 指南代码”，来打开用于电路 4 的代码。
要打开该代码，请转到：文件 > 示例 > 101 SIK 指南代码 > Circuit_04
还可以将以下代码复制并粘贴到 Arduino IDE 中。点击“上传”，然后查看发生的情况！
language:cpp
/*
SparkFun Inventor's Kit
Example sketch 04
MULTIPLE LEDs
Make six LEDs dance. Dance LEDs, dance!
This sketch was written by SparkFun Electronics,
with lots of help from the Arduino community.
This code is completely free for any use.
Visit http://learn.sparkfun.com/products/2 for SIK information.
Visit http://www.arduino.cc to learn more about Arduino.
*/
// To keep track of all the LED pins, we'll use an "array."
// An array lets you store a group of variables, and refer to them
// by their position, or "index." Here we're creating an array of
// six integers, and initializing them to a set of values:
int ledPins[] = {4,5,6,7,8,9};
void setup()
{
//create a local variable to store the index of which pin we want to control
int index;
// For the for() loop below, these are the three statements:
// 1\. index = 0; Before starting, make index = 0.
// 2\. index <= 5; If index is less or equal to 5, run the following code
// 3\. index++ Putting "++" after a variable means "add one to it".
// When the test in statement 2 is finally false, the sketch
// will continue.
// This for() loop will make index = 0, then run the pinMode()
// statement within the brackets. It will then do the same thing
// for index = 2, index = 3, etc. all the way to index = 5.
for(index = 0; index <= 5; index++)
{
pinMode(ledPins[index],OUTPUT);
}
}
void loop()
{
// This loop() calls functions that we've written further below.
// We've disabled some of these by commenting them out (putting
// "//" in front of them). To try different LED displays, remove
// the "//" in front of the ones you'd like to run, and add "//"
// in front of those you don't to comment out (and disable) those
// lines.
// Light up all the LEDs in turn
oneAfterAnotherNoLoop();
// Same as oneAfterAnotherNoLoop, but less typing
//oneAfterAnotherLoop();
// Turn on one LED at a time, scrolling down the line
//oneOnAtATime();
// Light the LEDs middle to the edges
//pingPong();
// Chase lights like you see on signs
//marquee();
// Blink LEDs randomly
//randomLED();
}
/*
oneAfterAnotherNoLoop()
This function will light one LED, delay for delayTime, then light
the next LED, and repeat until all the LEDs are on. It will then
turn them off in the reverse order.
*/
void oneAfterAnotherNoLoop()
{
// time (milliseconds) to pause between LEDs
int delayTime = 100;
// turn all the LEDs on:
digitalWrite(ledPins[0], HIGH); //Turns on LED #0 (pin 4)
delay(delayTime); //wait delayTime milliseconds
digitalWrite(ledPins[1], HIGH); //Turns on LED #1 (pin 5)
delay(delayTime); //wait delayTime milliseconds
digitalWrite(ledPins[2], HIGH); //Turns on LED #2 (pin 6)
delay(delayTime); //wait delayTime milliseconds
digitalWrite(ledPins[3], HIGH); //Turns on LED #3 (pin 7)
delay(delayTime); //wait delayTime milliseconds
digitalWrite(ledPins[4], HIGH); //Turns on LED #4 (pin 8)
delay(delayTime); //wait delayTime milliseconds
digitalWrite(ledPins[5], HIGH); //Turns on LED #5 (pin 9)
delay(delayTime); //wait delayTime milliseconds
// turn all the LEDs off:
digitalWrite(ledPins[5], LOW); //Turn off LED #5 (pin 9)
delay(delayTime); //wait delayTime milliseconds
digitalWrite(ledPins[4], LOW); //Turn off LED #4 (pin 8)
delay(delayTime); //wait delayTime milliseconds
digitalWrite(ledPins[3], LOW); //Turn off LED #3 (pin 7)
delay(delayTime); //wait delayTime milliseconds
digitalWrite(ledPins[2], LOW); //Turn off LED #2 (pin 6)
delay(delayTime); //wait delayTime milliseconds
digitalWrite(ledPins[1], LOW); //Turn off LED #1 (pin 5)
delay(delayTime); //wait delayTime milliseconds
digitalWrite(ledPins[0], LOW); //Turn off LED #0 (pin 4)
delay(delayTime); //wait delayTime milliseconds
}
/*
oneAfterAnotherLoop()
This function does exactly the same thing as oneAfterAnotherNoLoop(),
but it takes advantage of for() loops and the array to do it with
much less typing.
*/
void oneAfterAnotherLoop()
{
int index;
int delayTime = 100; // milliseconds to pause between LEDs
// make this smaller for faster switching
// Turn all the LEDs on:
// This for() loop will step index from 0 to 5
// (putting "++" after a variable means add one to it)
// and will then use digitalWrite() to turn that LED on.
for(index = 0; index <= 5; index++)
{
digitalWrite(ledPins[index], HIGH);
delay(delayTime);
}
// Turn all the LEDs off:
// This for() loop will step index from 5 to 0
// (putting "--" after a variable means subtract one from it)
// and will then use digitalWrite() to turn that LED off.
for(index = 5; index >= 0; index--)
{
digitalWrite(ledPins[index], LOW);
delay(delayTime);
}
}
/*
oneOnAtATime()
This function will step through the LEDs,
lighting only one at at time.
*/
void oneOnAtATime()
{
int index;
int delayTime = 100; // milliseconds to pause between LEDs
// make this smaller for faster switching
// step through the LEDs, from 0 to 5
for(index = 0; index <= 5; index++)
{
digitalWrite(ledPins[index], HIGH); // turn LED on
delay(delayTime); // pause to slow down
digitalWrite(ledPins[index], LOW); // turn LED off
}
}
/*
pingPong()
This function will step through the LEDs,
lighting one at at time in both directions.
*/
void pingPong()
{
int index;
int delayTime = 100; // milliseconds to pause between LEDs
// make this smaller for faster switching
// step through the LEDs, from 0 to 5
for(index = 0; index <= 5; index++)
{
digitalWrite(ledPins[index], HIGH); // turn LED on
delay(delayTime); // pause to slow down
digitalWrite(ledPins[index], LOW); // turn LED off
}
// step through the LEDs, from 5 to 0
for(index = 5; index >= 0; index--)
{
digitalWrite(ledPins[index], HIGH); // turn LED on
delay(delayTime); // pause to slow down
digitalWrite(ledPins[index], LOW); // turn LED off
}
}
/*
marquee()
This function will mimic "chase lights" like those around signs.
*/
void marquee()
{
int index;
int delayTime = 200; // milliseconds to pause between LEDs
// Make this smaller for faster switching
// Step through the first four LEDs
// (We'll light up one in the lower 3 and one in the upper 3)
for(index = 0; index <= 2; index++) // Step from 0 to 3
{
digitalWrite(ledPins[index], HIGH); // Turn a LED on
digitalWrite(ledPins[index+3], HIGH); // Skip four, and turn that LED on
delay(delayTime); // Pause to slow down the sequence
digitalWrite(ledPins[index], LOW); // Turn the LED off
digitalWrite(ledPins[index+3], LOW); // Skip four, and turn that LED off
}
}
/*
randomLED()
This function will turn on random LEDs. Can you modify it so it
also lights them for random times?
*/
void randomLED()
{
int index;
int delayTime;
// The random() function will return a semi-random number each
// time it is called. See http://arduino.cc/en/Reference/Random
// for tips on how to make random() even more random.
index = random(5); // pick a random number between 0 and 5
delayTime = 100;
digitalWrite(ledPins[index], HIGH); // turn LED on
delay(delayTime); // pause to slow down
digitalWrite(ledPins[index], LOW); // turn LED off
}
要注意的代码
int ledPins[] = {4,5,6,7,8,9};
必须管理许多变量时，“数组”是将它们分组在一起的便利方式。我们在此处要创建一个名为 ledPins 的整数数组，其中包含六个元素。每个元素都通过其索引进行引用。第一个元素的索引是 [0]。
digitalWrite(ledPins[0], HIGH);
可通过其位置引用数组中的元素。第一个元素处于位置 0，第二个元素处于位置 1，等等。您可引用使用了“ledPins[x]”的一个元素，其中 x 是位置。我们在这里将数字针脚 4 设为 HIGH，因为位置 0 处的数组元素是“4”。
index = random(5);
计算机会在每次运行时执行相同操作。但是有时您要随机执行操作，就像模拟投掷骰子。random() 函数是实现此目标的好方法。请参阅 http://arduino.cc/en/reference/random 以获取详细信息。
应看到的情况
这类似于实验 1，但您应看到所有 LED 闪烁，而非一个 LED。如果它们未闪烁，请确保正确装配了电路以及验证了代码并将它上传到开发板，或查看“故障诊断”部分。
故障诊断
某些 LED 未能亮起
很容易反向插入 LED。检查未运行的 LED 并确保它们处于正确的方向。
运行失序
由于有八根导线，因此容易使两根导线交叉。仔细检查第一个 LED 是否插入针脚 4，此后按顺序插入每个针脚。
重新开始
容易在没有注意的情况下意外地将导线放错位置。拔出每个部件并重新开始通常比尝试查出问题更容易。