LilyPad ProtoSnap Plus Activity Guide

Contributors: MikeGrusin, Gella

10: Twinkling Night-Light Project

In this activity, we'll pull together elements from earlier activities to create an entire project: a night-light that randomly twinkles LEDs when it gets dark. You could use this as the starting point for a project based around twinkling stars, fireflies, lightning clouds or something else entirely.

LilyPad Boards Used in This Activity

• LilyPad USB Plus
• LilyPad USB Plus's built-in RGB LED
• LilyPad Light Sensor
• Red LilyPad LEDs
• Green LilyPad LEDs
• Blue LilyPad LEDs

New Concepts Introduced in This Activity

Random

Computers are generally very predictable. Usually this is exactly what we want, but sometimes, especially when creating artistic projects, we want a bit of randomness to make things more surprising and natural. In this activity, we'll introduce the random() command, which will help you do exactly that.

The random() function is a fun command that will return a random number. You can use it to randomize which LEDs are lit, how long to pause, what tone to play, etc. The random() function takes one parameter, the number of possibilites to choose from. For example, if you wanted to simulate a six-sided die, you would call random(6). The function will then return a number between 0 and 5.

Setting a Threshold

To determine when it's dark enough to begin twinkling, we'll define a threshold value. If the ambient light level is below that value, we'll begin twinkling. To help you fine-tune this value, we also use the serial monitor to print out the current light level.

Example Code

To open the code, go to:

File > Examples > LilyPadProtoSnapPlus > LPP_10_NightLight

You can also copy and paste the following code into the Arduino IDE. Hit upload, and see what happens!

language:c
/*
LilyPad ProtoSnap Plus Activity 10: Twinkling Night-Light
SparkFun Electronics
https://www.sparkfun.com/products/14346

Create a twinkling night-light that turns on when it gets dark.

Follow the tutorial at:
https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/lilypad-protosnap-plus-activity-guide#10-twinkling-night-light-project

This code is released under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)

******************************************************************************/

// Create variables for the pins we'll be using:

int lightSensor = A2;

// Array of all the LEDs we'll be twinkling. You can set these to the sewtabs
// you'll be using in your project. Remember to only choose outputs that
// have the "~" symbol that are compatible with analogWrite.

int numLEDs = 3;
int LED[3] = {6,A7,A8};

int blueLED = 14;

// Threshold for light level (when it's darker than this, twinkle LEDs)

int threshold = 50;

void setup()
{
  int x;

  // Initialize the pins we'll be using

  pinMode(lightSensor, INPUT);

  for (x = 0; x <= numLEDs; x++)
  {
    pinMode(LED[x],OUTPUT);
  }

  pinMode(blueLED,OUTPUT);

  // Initialize the serial monitor

  Serial.begin(9600);
}

void loop()
{
  int x,lightLevel,brightness;

  // Read the sensor value (will be 0 to 255):

  lightLevel = analogRead(lightSensor);

  // Print out the sensor reading:

  Serial.print("light level: ");
  Serial.print(lightLevel);
  Serial.print(" threshold: ");
  Serial.print(threshold);
  Serial.print(" twinkle: ");

  // If the light level is below the threshold, twinkle LEDs:

  if (lightLevel < threshold)
  {
    Serial.println("ON");
    digitalWrite(blueLED,HIGH);

    // Pick a random LED:

    x = random(numLEDs);

    // Quickly ramp up the brightness of the LED from off to on:

    for (brightness = 0; brightness <= 255; brightness++)
    {
      analogWrite(LED[x],brightness);
      delay(1);
    }

    // Quickly ramp down the brightness of the LED from on to off:

    for (brightness = 255; brightness >= 0; brightness--)
    {
      analogWrite(LED[x],brightness);
      delay(1);
    }

    // Wait a random amount of time (up to 2 seconds)

    delay(random(2000));
  }
  else
  {
    Serial.println("off");
    digitalWrite(blueLED,LOW);
  }
}

What You Should See

Cover the light sensor with your hand. When the sensor's readings drop below the set threshold, the built-in blue LED in the RGB will light up indicating it is 'dark'. Then the red, green, and blue pairs of LEDs along the bottom of the ProtoSnap will twinkle in a random pattern.

Understanding Your Program

Program Overview

1. Set up our array with the LEDs we want to twinkle.
2. Set up our input and output pins.
3. Read the light sensor value; if it's low, turn on the built-in blue LED and begin twinkling.
4. To twinkle, choose a random LED from the array, then rapidly brighten and dim it.
5. Wait a random amount of time between twinkles.
6. Repeat.

Code to Note

Coding Challenges

• Try making the LEDs twinkle faster or slower, or have a shorter or longer pause between twinkles.

• Instead of twinkling, can you simulate a heartbeat or other pattern?

• Can you modify the code so that it twinkles when it's bright out?

• Can you add sounds to the twinkling?