Electret Mic Breakout Board Hookup Guide
Contributors:
LightningHawk
LightningHawk 
Resources and Going Further
A quick Google search for "Electret Mic Breakout" will get you going for any type of project you may want to create. Here are a few of my favorites from Instructables.
If you need to add sound to your next project but need something a little more sensitive, robust or a little more useful, I recommend the SparkFun Sound Detector.
Documents
For more audio fun, check out these other great SparkFun tutorials:
Si4707 Hookup Guide
Instructions on hooking up to and communicating with the Si4707 Weather Band Radio Breakout using an Arduino.
Interactive LED Music Visualizer
Use an Arduino and the SparkFun Sound Detector to create visualizations on Addressable RGB LED strips.
Vibe-O-Matic 3000
We attempt to emulate a car seat to ease a baby to sleep.
Or check out this blog post for inspiration: