Electret Mic Breakout Board Hookup Guide
Contributors:
LightningHawk
LightningHawk 
Resources and Going Further
A quick Google search for "Electret Mic Breakout" will get you going for any type of project you may want to create. Here are a few of my favorites from Instructables.
If you need to add sound to your next project but need something a little more sensitive, robust or a little more useful, I recommend the SparkFun Sound Detector.
Documents
For more audio fun, check out these other great SparkFun tutorials:
Hackers in Residence: The Sound Visualizer
A fun project that uses a Raspberry Pi and a custom Java app to create your own sound visualizer using a RGB LED matrix.
Rotary Switch Potentiometer Hookup Guide
How to use the Rotary Switch Potentiometer breakout board, with some sample applications.
MicroMod Artemis Processor Board Hookup Guide
Get started with the Artemis MicroMod Processor Board in this tutorial!
Analog MEMS Microphone Breakout - SPH8878LR5H-1 Hookup Guide
Get started with sound monitoring using the SparkFun analog MEMS microphone breakout board with Arduino!
Or check out this blog post for inspiration: